Vedanta

athaiSha veShAntarabhasmalInaH krameNa vAyuprabhavaH sutejAH .

ruddhAkhilAshaM mukharaM pracaNDaM bhasmIcakArAkhilakIcakaugham ..40..

padacCheda:

atha eShaH veShAntarabhasmalInaH krameNa vAyuprabhavaH sutejAH ruddhAkhilAshaM mukharaM pracaNDaM bhasmIcakAra akhilakIcakaugham .

anvaya:

atha yathA eShaH veShAntarabhasmalInaH [san] krameNa vAyuprabhavaH [san] [ata eva] sutejAH ruddhAkhilAshaM mukharaM pracaNDaM akhilakIcakaugham bhasmIkuryAt tathA eShaH vAyuprabhavaH veShAntaralInaH [san] krameNa [ata eva] sutejAH ruddhAkhilAshaM mukharaM pracaNDaM akhilakIcakaugham bhasmIcakAra.

anvayArtha:

atha= after the completion of vana vAsa yathA= just as eShaH=this forest fire bhasmalInaH [san]=covered by ash krameNa vAyuprabhavaH [san]=gradually gaining in intensity with the aid of the wind [ata eva = therefore] sutejAH=radiant ruddhAkhilAshaM=whi enveloped the entire sky mukharaM=noisy (due to wind) pracaNDaM=full of thorns akhilakIcakaugham=the entire bamboo trees bhasmIkuryAt=burns tathA=in the same way eShaH=this bhIma vAyuprabhavaH = incarnation of vAyu veShAntaralInaH [san]=disguised as a cook krameNa=after the battle (with kIcaka) sutejAH=radiant ruddhAkhilAshaM=one who took away any winning chances of all other kings(indomitable) mukharaM=nonsensical pracaNDaM=cruel akhilakIcakaugham= the entire group of 106 kings called the kIchakAs bhasmIcakAra=destoryed.

Summary:

After the completion of vana vAsa this bhIma disguised as cook, radiant after the battle with kIchaka, destroyed the entire cruel, nonsensical, indomitable group of 106 kings called the kIchakAs just as an ash covered forest fire gradually gaining intensity with aid of the wind and therefore becoming radiant burns the entire nosiy and thorny group of bamboo trees which enveloped the entire sky.

bhogAdhikAbhogavato.aruNAxAnitastataH sa~ncalato dharendre .

bahUndvijihvAnmaNimatpurogAnasaukaTUn krodhavashA~njaghAna ..39..

padacCheda:

bhogAdhikAbhogavataH aruNAxAn itastataH sa~ncalataH dharendre bahUn dvijihvAn maNimatpurogAn asau kaTUn krodhavashAn jaghAna .

anvaya:

yathA asau bhogAdhikAbhogavataH aruNAxAn dharendre itastataH sa~ncalataH bahUn dvijihvAn kaTUn maNimatpurogAn krodhavashAn hanti tathA asau bhogAdhikAbhogavataH aruNAxAn dharendre itastataH sa~ncalataH bahUn dvijihvAn kaTUn maNimatpurogAn krodhavashAn jaghAna.

anvayArtha:

yathA=Just as asau=a forest fire bhogAdhikAbhogavataH=strong and sporting many hoods aruNAxAn=red eyed dharendre=on a mountain itastataH=here and there sa~ncalataH=roaming bahUn=several dvijihvAn=two tounged kaTUn=poisonous maNimatpurogAn=having gems on their hoods krodhavashAn=angry hanti=destroys tathA=in the same way asau=this bhIma bhogAdhikAbhogavataH=strong and interested in material pleasures aruNAxAn=red eyed dharendre=on the (gandhamAdana) mountain itastataH=here and there sa~ncalataH=wandering bahUn=several dvijihvAn=two tounged(having a propensity to always speak untruth) kaTUn=cruel maNimatpurogAn=the group who has maNimAn as the leader krodhavashAn=called krodhavashAs jaghAna=killed.

Summary:

Just as a forest fire destroys several two tounged red eyed poisonous angry snakes with gems on their hoods, wandering here and there on a mountain, this bhIma destroyed the group of several red eyed, cruel demons roaming on the gandhamAdana mountain, who have a propensity to always speak untruth.

jAjvalyamAnasya vane vane.alaM didhaxataH pArthivasArthamugram .

satvAni puMsAM bhayadAni nAshaM vR^ikodarAgnergurutejasA.a.apuH .38..

padacCheda:

jAjvalyamAnasya vane vane alaM didhaxataH pArthivasArthaM ugraM satvAni puMsAM bhayadAni nAshaM vR^ikodarAgneH gurutejasA ApuH .

anvaya:

yathA vane vane alaM ugraM pArthivasArthaM didhaxataH jAjvalyamAnasya agneH gurutejasA puMsAM bhayadAni satvAni nAshaM Apnuvanti tathA vane vane alaM ugraM pArthivasArthaM didhaxataH jAjvalyamAnasya vR^ikodarAgneH gurutejasA puMsAM bhayadAni satvAni nAshaM ApuH.

anvayArtha:

yathA=Just as vane vane=in every forest alaM=most ugraM=dreadful pArthivasArthaM=groups of trees didhaxataH=wishing to burn jAjvalyamAnasya=blazing agneH=of fire gurutejasA=great power puMsAM bhayadAni=fearsome to humans satvAni=animals nAshaM Apnuvanti=get destroyed tathA=in the same way vane vane=in every forest alaM=most ugraM=dreadful pArthivasArthaM=groups of kings didhaxataH=wishing to burn jAjvalyamAnasya=blazing vR^ikodarAgneH=(of the)fire called vR^ikodara (bhIma) gurutejasA=great power puMsAM bhayadAni=fearsome to humans satvAni=animals and demons nAshaM ApuH=got destroyed.

Summary:

Just as animals fearsome to humans, get destroyed by the great power of the forest fire blazing with a desire to burn away the most dreadful trees present in every forest, several cruel animals and demons such as kirmIra etc, who were fearsome to humans got destroyed by the great power of the fire called vR^ikodara(bhIma), who blazed with a desire to burn away the dreadful kings duryodhana etc.

duHshAsanenAkulitAn priyAyAH sUxmAnarAlAnasitAMshcha keshAn .

jighAMsayA vairijanasya tIxNaH sa kR^iShNasarpAniva sa~ncikAya ..37..

padacCheda:

duHshAsanena AkulitAn priyAyAH sUxmAn arAlAn asitAn cha keshAn jighAMsayA vairijanasya tIxNaH saH kR^iShNasarpAn iva sa~ncikAya.

anvaya:

yathA tIxNaH [kashchit] AkulitAn sUxmAn arAlAn asitAn cha kR^iShNasarpAn vairijanasya jighAMsayA sa~ncinoti tathA saH duHshAsanena AkulitAn sUxmAn arAlAn asitAn cha priyAyAH keshAn vairijanasya jighAMsayA sa~ncikAya.

anvayArtha:

yathA= Just as kashchit tIxNaH=some vindictive person duHshAsanena=one deploying a strong snake repellent AkulitAn=carried hither and thither sUxmAn= tender arAlAn=curved asitAn=black cha=and kR^iShNasarpAn=snakes vairijanasya jighAMsayA = for the purpose of killing the enemy sa~ncinoti=gathers tathA=in the same way saH=bhIma duHshAsanena= by the duHshAsana AkulitAn=made to spread out sUxmAn=tender arAlAn=curly asitAn=black cha=and priyAyAH=of his beloved keshAn=hairs vairijanasya jighAMsayA =for the purpose of killing the enemy sa~ncikAya=joined.

Summary:

Just as some vindictive person gathers, for the purpose of killing the enemy, tender, curved and black snakes, carried hither and thither by a person deploying a strong snake repellent, this bhIma, joined, making a vow to kill his enemies, the tender, curly, black hairs of his beloved draupadI, made to spread out by duHshAsana (by dragging her to the court grabbing her hairs).

Notes:

1. According to MBTN 21.393 abaddhakeshA prayayau draupadI sA sabhAtalAt - draupadi went out of the court room with her hairs left untied. So the word sa~ncikAya should be appropriately interpreted to mean that the hairs(previously spread out) were only joined and left untied.

2. It has been said in the shloka that bhIma joined the hairs of draupadi. But draupadi being a rajasvala at that time, it seems appropriate to interpret the above statement as “bhIma, by his vow to kill duHshAsana etc, caused draupadi to join her hairs”. Just as a bridge though actually built by the workers is still said to have been built by the king (for passing orders to build the bridge). Similarly bhIma is said to have joined the hairs of draupadi by his vow to kill duHshAsana etc.

mahAgadaM caNDaraNaM pR^ithivyAM bArhadrathaM ma~Nxu nirasya vIraH .

rAjAnamatyujjvalarAjasUyaM cakAra govindasurendrajAbhyAm ..36..

padacCheda:

mahAgadaM caNDaraNaM pR^ithivyAM bArhadrathaM ma~Nxu nirasya vIraH rAjAnaM atyujjvalarAjasUyaM cakAra govindasurendrajAbhyAm .

anvaya:

vIraH mahAgadaM pR^ithivyAM caNDaraNaM bArhadrathaM govindasurendrajAbhyAm ma~Nxu nirasya rAjAnaM atyujjvalarAjasUyaM cakAra .

anvayArtha:

vIraH=The brave bhIma mahAgadaM=one sporting a huge mace pR^ithivyAM=on the earth caNDaraNaM=ferocious at war bArhadrathaM=son of bR^ihadratha (jarAsandha) govindasurendrajAbhyAm=along with kR^iShNa and arjuna ma~Nxu=in the battle nirasya=after killing rAjAnaM=king yudhisThira atyujjvalarAjasUyaM=glowing rAjasUya sacrifice cakAra=made to perform.

Summary:

The brave bhIma after killing the son of brihadratha, who was ferocious at war sporting a huge mace, made the king yudhiShThira to perform the glowing rAjasUya sacrifice.

indIvarashrIjayisundarAbhaM smerAnanenduM dayitaM mukundam .

svamAtuleyaM kamalAyatAxaM samabhyanandatsucirAya bhImaH ..35..

padacCheda:

indIvarashrIjayisundarAbhaM smerAnanenduM dayitaM mukundaM svamAtuleyaM kamalAyatAxaM samabhyanandat sucirAya bhImaH .

anvaya:

bhImaH indIvarashrIjayisundarAbhaM smerAnanenduM kamalAyatAxaM dayitaM svamAtuleyaM mukundaM [dR^iShTvA]sucirAya samabhyanandat.

anvayArtha:

bhImaH= bhIma indIvarashrIjayisundarAbhaM=one with luster surpassing that of a blue lotus smerAnanenduM=smiling moon like face kamalAyatAxaM=eyes wide as the lotus dayitaM=dear svamAtuleyaM=his cousin (son of his uncle) mukundaM=shrI kR^iShna [dR^iShTvA]=after seeing sucirAya=for a long time samabhyanandat=relished.

Summary:

bhIma relished for a long time after seeing his dear cousin shrI kR^ishna, sporting moon like smiling face with eyes wide as the lotus, having luster surpassing that of a blue lotus.

shrImadAnandatIrthArya mukhanissR^itaM

etebhyo.abhyadhikA shrIstu sadA muktA visheShataH |

tatsamo nAsti paramo harireva na cAparaH |

saMhitAyAM bR^ihatyAM tu svayaM bhagavatoditam |

tadetadakhilam ||

So far the gradation of the devatAs has been brought forth. Here one may ask - shrI mahAlaxmI is superior to even mukhya vAyu. How come then that the tAratamya list was given only upto mukhya vAyu? - thus. To this we reply - It is true that shrI mahAlaxmI is far superior to even mukhya vAyu. But, she is ever free from bandha. So, she is not included in the list of adhikArins. There is no one equal to her.

To a question whether there is anyone greater than prANa, the chAndogya upanishad goes on to add that satya, vij~nAna, mati, shraddhA, niShThA,kR^iti, sukha are greater than prANa. Here one may get an impression that there are many superiors to mukhya vAyu and there is also a gradation among satya, vij~nAna etc just as there exists gradation from nAma to prANa. The sUtra OM saiva satyAdayaH OM refutes this idea. All the names satya, vij~nAna etc refer to shrI hari only. He is the supreme. No one is superior to Him. All this has been told by the Supreme God Himself in a text called bR^ihat saMhitA..  

viShNoH padashridbakasannirAsI xiptAnyapaxiprakaraH supaxaH .

sasodaro.athAdita rAjahaMsaH sa rAjahaMsImiva rAjakanyAm ..34..

padacCheda:

viShNoH padashrit bakasannirAsI xiptAnyapaxiprakaraH supaxaH sasodaraH atha Adita rAjahaMsaH saH rAjahaMsIM iva rAjakanyAm .

anvaya:

atha yathA viShNoH padashrit bakasannirAsI xiptAnyapaxiprakaraH supaxaH sasodaraH rAjahaMsaH rAjahaMsIM Adatte tathA viShNoH padashrit bakasannirAsI xiptAnyapaxiprakaraH supaxaH sasodaraH saH rAjakanyAm Adita.

anvayArtha:

atha=After meeting bhagavAn vyAsa yathA=just as viShNoH padashrit= in the sky bakasannirAsI=after overpowering ducks xiptAnyapaxiprakaraH=defeating groups of other birds such as crows, owls etc supaxaH=having beautiful wings sasodaraH=along with other swans rAjahaMsaH= a king swan rAjahaMsIM=a she-swan Adatte=accepts tathA=in the same way viShNoH padashrit=who surrendered at the feet of viShNu bakasannirAsI=the killer of demon by name baka xiptAnyapaxiprakaraH=defeating groups of enemies supaxaH=on the side of the noble sasodaraH=along with his brothers saH=bhIma rAjakanyAm=draupadi Adita = accepted.

Summary:

After meeting bhagavAn vyAsa, bhIma, the killer of baka and the defeator of enemy groups, who surrendered at the feet of viShNU and who is always on the side of the noble, accepted draupadi as his wife along with his brothers just as a king swan having beautiful wings accepts the she-swan along with other swans in the sky after overpowering ducks and defeating groups of other birds such as crows, owls etc.

samarpya kR^ityAni kR^itI kR^itAni vyAsAya bhUmne sukR^itAni tAvat .

kariShyamANAni ca tasya pUjAM sa~NkalpayAmAsa sa shuddhabuddhiH ..33..

padacCheda:

samarpya kR^ityAni kR^itI kR^itAni vyAsAya bhUmne sukR^itAni tAvat kariShyamANAni ca tasya pUjAM sa~NkalpayAmAsa saH shuddhabuddhiH .

anvaya:

kR^itI shuddhabuddhiH saH kR^itAni kR^ityAni bhUmne vyAsAya samarpya kariShyamANAni tAvat sukR^itAni ca tasya pUjAM sa~NkalpayAmAsa

anvayArtha:

kR^itI=One who is adept in performing good deeds shuddhabuddhiH=having pure mind saH=bhIma kR^itAni=past kR^ityAni=deeds bhUmne vyAsAya=to vyAsa, the abode of all auspicious qualities samarpya=after having submitted kariShyamANAni tAvat sukR^itAni ca=all the good deeds that are to be performed tasya=His pUjAM=worship sa~NkalpayAmAsa=resolved.

Summary:

After having submitted all his past deeds to bhagavAn vyAsa, the abode of all auspicious qualities, the pure minded bhIma, who is adept in performing good deeds, resolved that all his future good deeds will also be performed as a worship of veda vyAsa.

shrImadAnandatIrthArya mukhanissR^itaM

tadanyAH shatadevatAH | parjanyamitrAntarAle tadanye tu tato.avarAH || 3.3.21

Out of the 9 crore devatAs only 100 devatAs are eligible for soma pAna according to the following bhAShya

navakoTyo hi devAnAM teShAM madhye shatasya tu | somAdhikAro vedoktaH |

somapAnArha devatAs:

The list of 100 somapAnArha devatAs is given as under

pradhAnavAyurvasavo rudrAdityA marudgaNAH |

bR^ihaspatirR^ibhurdyAvApR^ithivyAvashvinau tathA |

vishvedevAshcha pitaraH shatasthA devatA matAH ||

pradhAna vAyu(1), vasavaH (8), rudrAH (11) AdityAH (12) , marudgaNaH (49), vishvedevAH(10), bR^ihaspati(1), pitaraH (3),R^ibhu(1),ashvinIdevatAs (2), dyAvApR^ithivyau (2) = Total 100 . These devatAs are called shatasthAs.

8 vasus = agni, droNa, prANa, dhruva, arka, doSha, vasu, vibhAvasu

12 Aditya = viShNu, sUrya, indra, varuNa, mitra, parjanya, dhAtA, aryamA, tvaShTA, savitA, bhaga, pUShA

11 rudra = shiva, raivata, aja, bhava, bhIma, vAma, ugra, vR^iShAkapi, ajaikapAt, ahirbudhni, virUpAxa

10 vishve devas = purUrava, ardrava, kratu, daxa, kAma, kAla, vasu, satya, dhuri, locana

49 maruts = aha~NkArika prANa, pravaha, prANa, apAna, vyAna, udAna, samAna, nAga, kUrma, kR^ikala, devadatta, dhana~njaya, Avaha, udvaha, parAvaha, vivaha, saMvaha, shaMbhu, shaMku, kala, shvAsa, anala, anila, pratibha, kumuda, kAMta, shuci, shveta, ajita, guru, saMj~na, pravartaka, kAla, daxa, saumya, kapi, jaDa, manDUka, santata, sida, rakta, kR^iShNa, pika, shuka, yati, bhIma, hanu, piMga, kaMpana

Out of these 100 devatAs(who are eligible for soma pAna) 13 devatas

parjanyaH(1),

mitraH(1), sUryaH(1) among 12 Adityas,

agniH(1) among the 8 vasus,

varuNaH(1),

pravahaH(1), aha~NkArika prANaH(1) among maruts,

indraH(1),

rudraH(1) among the 11 rudrAs,

bR^ihaspatiH(1),

ashvinau(2),

= Total 13

already appear in other categories. The remaining 87 devatAs called the shesha shatastha devatAs fall between parjanya and mitra and occupy the same position as that of ashvinI devatAs. Their list is as follows

sesha shatasthAs:

saptavasavaH, saptAdityAH, saptacatvAriMshad marutaH, dashavishvedevAH, dasharudrAH, R^ibhurekaH, dve dyAvApR^ithivyau, pitR^ipatayaH trayaH

Seven vasu’s. seven AdityAs, 47 maruts, 10 vishvedevas, 10 rudrAs, 1 R^ibhu gaNa, diva(1), pR^ithivi(1), 3 pitR^i pati’s = Total 87.

Note:

1. a. It is to be noted that here we are dealing with the tAratamya of the adhikArins. Therefore, viShNu, one of the 12 AdityAs is to be excluded from this list. Hence only 6 AdityAs should be taken into consideration for the shesha devata list. Thus, there are in all 86 shesha shatastha devatAs who fall between parjanya and mitra. This way, there is no sarvottamatva bha~Nga of viShNu.

b. One more interpretation is that pitR^i and pitR^i patis are counted separately. Therefore, even if viShNu is excluded from the 100 shatastha devatAs, the count Including pitR^is remains 100 during tAratamya gaNana and the shesha shatasthAs remain 87 in number.

2. R^ibhus are thousands in number according to the bhAgavata verse - R^ibhavo nAma tapasA somaM prAptAH sahasrashaH. Here their group is taken into consideration and counted as 1 in the list of shesha shatastha devatAs.

tadanye tu tato.avarAH |

The rest of the devAs(100 less 9 crore devAs) occupy the same position as that of the 11 manus(pos. 4 in the chart below).

Therefore, the revised list is as follows

1. uShA

2. svAhA

3. parjanyaH, virAT (wife of aniruddha), vAruNI (wife of varuNa), saj~nA(wife of sUrya), dhArmI(shyAmala, wife of yamadharma)

4. manus (other than svAyaMbhuva, vaivasvata and tApasa) - svArociSha, uttama, raivata, cAxuSha,sAvarNi, daxasAvarNi, brahmasAvarNi, dharmasAvarNi, rudra sAvarNi, deva sAvarNi, indra sAvarNi; cyavana, ucathya, vainya, shashabindu, haihaya, priyavrata, rest of 9 crore devAs

5. The ashvinI devatas, vighnesha and vittapa (kubera), shesha shatasthAs(87 in number)

6. mitraH, nirR^iti , tArA (wife of bR^ihaspati),prAvahi (wife of pravaha)

7. The seven sons of brahma - marIci, atri, aMgiras, pulastya, pulaha, kratu and vashiShTha, vishvAmitra,vaivasvata manu

8. agniH, bhR^iguH, prAsUti(wife of daxa)

9. nAradaH

10. varuNaH

11. vidhuH (chandraH), sUrya and (yama)dharma, shatarUpA

12. pravahaH

13. aniruddhaH, svAyambhuva manu, daxa, bR^ihaspatiH, shacI(wife of indra) and rati(wife of kAma)

14. Aha~NkArika prANa

15. indra, kAma

16. umA, suparNI

17. garuDa, rudraH

18. vANI

19. mArutaH